The art of planning for the future has always been
a human trait. In essence a project can be captured
on paper with a few simple elements: a start date,
an end date, the tasks that have to be carried out
and when they should be finished, and some idea of
the resources (people, machines etc) that will be needed
during the course of the project.
When the plan starts to involve different things happening
at different times, some of which are dependent on
each other, plus resources required at different times
and in different quantities and perhaps working at
different rates, the paper plan could start to cover
a vast area and be unreadable.
This was a problem facing the US Navy in the development
of the Polaris missile system. There were so many aspects
to the project that a new technique had to be invented
to cope with it: the PERT technique. This and later
developments led to mathematical techniques that can
be used to find the critical path through a series
of planned tasks that interconnect during the life
of a project.
You could begin the story of modern project management
from this time. But that would be unfair as project
management is not only about planning but also about
human attributes like leadership and motivation.
Nevertheless, the idea that complex plans could be
analyzed by a computer to allow someone to control
a project is the basis of much of the development in
technology that now allow projects of any size and
complexity not only to be planned but also modeled
to answer 'what if?' questions.
The original programs and computers tended to produce
answers long after an event had taken place. Now, there
are many project planning and scheduling programs that
can provide real time information, as well as linking
to risk analysis, time recording, costing, estimating
and other aspects of project control.
But computer programs are not project management:
they are tools for project managers to use. Project
management is all that mix of components of control,
leadership, teamwork, resource management etc, that
goes into a successful project.
Project managers can be found in all industries. Their
numbers have grown rapidly as industry and commerce
has realized that much of what it does is project work.
And as project-based organizations have started to
emerge, project management is becoming established
as both a professional career path and a way of controlling
business.
So opportunities in project management now exist not
only in being a project manager, but also as part of
the support team in a project or program office or
as a team leader for part of a project. There are also
qualifications that can be attained through the professional
associations.
One reason for the rapid growth is the need to understand
how to look after complex projects, often in high tech
areas, which are critical to business success but also
have to use scarce resources efficiently.
Most people still want their projects to be on time,
meet quality objectives, and not cost more than the
budget. These form the classic time, quality, cost
triangle.
In fact if you have an unlimited budget and unlimited
time, project management becomes rather easy. For most
people, however, time and money are critical and that
is what makes project management so important today.
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